Early Jurassic rift structures associated with the Soapaga and Boyacá faults of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia: Sedimentological inferences and regional implications     

Andreas Kammer  Javier Snchez 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2006,21(4):412

The NW-trending Bucaramanga fault links, at its southern termination, with the Soapaga and Boyacá faults, which by their NW trend define an ample horsetail structure. As a result of their Neogene reactivation as reverse faults, they bound fault-related anticlines that expose the sedimentary fill of two Early Jurassic rift basins. These sediments exhibit the wedge-like geometry of rift fills related to west-facing normal faults. Their structural setting was controlled further by segmentation of the bounding faults at approximately 10 km intervals, in which each segment is separated by a transverse basement high. Isopach contours and different facies associations suggest these transverse anticlines may have separated depocenters of their adjacent subbasins, which were shaped by a slightly different subsidence history and thereby decoupled. The basin fill of the relatively narrow basin associated with the Soapaga fault is dominated by fanglomeratic successions organized in two coarsening-upward cycles. In the larger basin linked to the Boyacá fault, the sedimentary fill consists of two coarsening-upward sequences that, when fully developed, vary from floodplain to alluvial fan deposits. These Early Jurassic rift fills temporally constrain the evolution of the Bucaramanga fault, which accommodated right-lateral displacement during the early Mesozoic rift event.  相似文献   

赣中变质岩带地质地球化学演化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡恭任  刘丛强  于瑞莲 《地球学报》2006,27(1):35-42

赣中变质岩带由结晶基底和褶皱基底组成。从结晶基底→褶皱基底,变质泥质岩类SI O2含量降低,AL2O3含量增加;变粒岩、石英片岩、硅质岩SI O2含量显著升高,AL2O3含量显著降低;NA2O含量显著降低,K2O的含量有明显的升高,NA2O/K2O值呈显著的降低趋势;FEO、MGO、TI O2及全铁含量(FE2O3 FEO)呈降低的趋势,但FE2O3升高,FE2O3/FEO值显著增高。铁族元素TI、V、CR升高,MN、CO、NI降低;亲铜元素ZN显著升高;大离子亲石元素LI、RB、SR显著降低,U、TH、BA显著升高,SR/BA值急剧降低;LA、CE、YB、NB、Y元素升高;稀土总量、轻稀土含量、轻重稀土比值、轻重稀土相互分离程度、EU亏损程度增加,说明它们原岩沉积环境的差异性,但它们的重稀土含量、LA/CE值、SM/ND值变化很小,稀土配分曲线相互平行反映它们源区岩石的一致性及继承性。从结晶基底→褶皱基底,岩石的ΕND(0)、(~(206)PB/~(204)PB)I、(~(207)PB/~(204)PB)I、(~(208)PB/~(204)PB)I值由低→高;地壳趋于成熟,结晶基底形成于岛弧环境,褶皱基底形成于活动大陆边缘环境。  相似文献   

The gravity method in groundwater exploration in crystalline rocks: a study in the peninsular granitic region of Hyderabad, India     

B. Murty  V. Raghavan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(2):307-321

The application of variations in the earth's gravity in groundwater exploration on a regional scale, especially in sedimentary basins, metamorphic terrains, valley fills, and for buried alluvial channels, is well established. However, its use in hard crystalline rocks is little known. In granite, for example, the upper weathered layer is a potential primary aquifer, and the underlying fractured rock can form a secondary aquifer. Fracturing and weathering increases the porosity of a rock, thereby reducing the bulk density. Changes in gravity anomalies of 0.1–0.7 mGal for granites, due to weathering or variations in lithology, can be detected. To test the use of gravity as a groundwater exploration tool for crystalline rocks, a gravity survey of the peninsular shield granites underlying Osmania University Campus, Hyderabad, India, was undertaken. At the site, gravity anomalies reflect variations in the lithology and in the thickness of weathered zones. These anomalies also define the position of intrusives and lineaments. Areas of more deeply weathered granite that contain wells of higher groundwater yield are represented by negative gravity values. In the weathered zone, well yield has an inverse relation to the magnitudes of residual gravity. The study confirms the feasibility of gravity as a tool for groundwater exploration in crystalline rocks. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Basement-controlled faulting of Paleozoic strata in southern Ontario, Canada: new evidence from geophysical lineament mapping     

Joseph I. Boyce  William A. Morris 《Tectonophysics》2002,353(1-4)

Basement fault reactivation is now recognized as an important control on sedimentation and fault propagation in intracratonic basins. In southern Ontario, the basement consists of complexly structured mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1.2 Ga) crystalline rocks and metasedimentary rocks that are overlain by up to 1500 m of Paleozoic sedimentary strata. Reactivation of basement structures is suspected to control the location of Paleozoic fault and fracture systems, but evaluation has been hindered by a limited understanding of the regional structural characteristics of the buried basement. New aeromagnetic- and gravimetric-lineament mapping presented in this paper better resolves the location of basement discontinuities and provides further evidence for basement controls on the distribution of Paleozoic fault and fracture systems. Lineament mapping was facilitated by reprocessing and digital image enhancement (micro-levelling, regional residual separation, derivative filtering) of existing regional gravity and aeromagnetic datasets. Reprocessed images identify new details of the structural fabric of the basement below southern Ontario and delineate several previously unrecognized aeromagnetic and gravity lineaments and linear zones. Linear zones parallel the projected trends of mid-Proterozoic terrane boundaries identified by field mapping on the exposed shield to the north of the study area, and are interpreted as zones of shearing and basement faulting. Mapped aeromagnetic and gravity lineaments show similar trends to Paleozoic faults and fracture networks and broad zones of seismicity in southern Ontario. These new data support an ‘inheritance model’ for Paleozoic faulting, involving repeated reactivation and upward propagation of basement faults and fractures into overlying cover strata.  相似文献   

川西攀枝花—西昌地区结晶基底的划分   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

马玉孝王大可  纪相田阚泽忠张成江  周美夫 《地质通报》2003,22(9):688-694

长期以来，由于同位素年龄依据不足和没有正确区分晚二叠世热接触变质岩、喜马拉雅期动力变质岩与前震旦纪区域变质岩，攀西地区结晶基底的划分存在许多困难和问题。本文依据1：50000区域地质调查结果，将原仁和群(Pt1R)修改为晚二叠世岩浆岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将五马箐(岩)组(Pt1w)和顶针杂岩(Pt1D)修改为晚二叠世热接触变质岩和喜马拉雅期动力变质岩，将安宁村组(Ptlα)和纸房沟组(Pt1z)修改为震旦系地层，并依据岩石学、岩石化学和微量元素地球化学特征，将结晶基底划分为变质侵入体、变质表壳岩和TTG套岩，论述了结晶基底的成因和演化。  相似文献   

康定-丹巴地区康定群变质核杂岩地层研究与进展     

刘旗  王帮全 《四川地质学报》2003,23(3):129-133

出露于康定跑马山、丹巴格宗、公差等地的变质核杂岩地层，原岩为中酸性—中基性火山岩及沉积岩，经混合岩化及花岗岩化作用，形成一套正片麻岩及副片麻岩地层。获得1585—2341Ma原岩成岩同位素年龄值。应属康定群，时代为中元古代—太古代，为康滇地轴扬子地台结晶基底向北露头的延伸。  相似文献   

天津地区构造沉降及控沉远景问题   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王若柏  周伟  李风林  王宏  扬贵业  姚忠杰  匡绍君 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(5):12-17

使用第四纪地质、统计地貌学和历史水准点调查等手段,研究了天津地区的构造沉降背景,讨论了控制地面沉降远景目标问题。研究工作使用天津地区第一海相层底板埋深、全新统地层钻孔、深层基岩标和历史水准点等一系列资料,获得天津市和邻近地区构造沉降的平均速率为1.7mm a左右。研究还发现了基底构造沉降背景具有这样一些规律:(1)从西部到东部沿海,区内沉降有逐渐增加的趋势。(2)沿海河发育了一条北西方向的构造沉降异常带。(3)以海河为界,沉降分布的方向不同,北部为北西西向,南部为北东方向,整体活动规律反映了活动断裂和基底构造的控制作用。  相似文献   

俄罗斯贝加尔湖-日本石卷地学断面西段地质-地球物理基本特征     

FAISAL S  杨宝俊  于平  李瑞磊  王世煜 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(2):227-231

对于贝加尔湖-石卷地学断面(BAMSIP)的西段俄罗斯贝加尔湖-中国满洲里断面城内的地质构造背景、地震剖面波类型和基本特征等研究发现：(1)断面域中贝加尔裂谷带地震波速度结构存在异常地幔带；结晶地壳物质成分基性程度较高；基底顶面和Moho界面未观察到明显的镜象关系；(2)西伯利亚南部的复杂相故基底由古生代和前寒武纪岩层所组构；区域构造由古褶皱系、中生代沉积盆地、裂谷带构成。  相似文献   

Geomechanical model for the post-Variscan evolution of the Permocarboniferous–Mesozoic basins in Northeast Germany     

Christian A. Hecht  Christof Lempp  Magdalena Scheck 《Tectonophysics》2003,373(1-4):125

The Permocarboniferous basins in Northeast Germany formed on the heterogeneous and eroded parts of the Variscan orogene and its deformed northern foreland. Transtensional tectonic movements and thermal re-equilibration lead to medium-scale crustal fragmentation, fast subsidence rates and regional emplacement of large amounts of mostly acidic volcanics. The later basin formation and differentiation was triggered by reversals of the large-scale stress field and reactivation of prominent zones of weakness like the Elbe Fault System and the Rhenohercynian/Saxothuringian boundary that separate different Variscan basement domains in the area. The geomechanical behaviour of the latter plays an important role for the geodynamic evolution of the medium to large-scale structural units, which we can observe today in three dimensions on structural maps, geophysical recordings and digital models. This study concentrates on an area that comprises the southern Northeast German Basin, the Saale Basin, the Flechtingen High, the Harz Mountains High and the Subhercynian Basin. The presented data include re-evaluations of special geological and structural maps, the most recent interpretation of the DEKORP BASIN 9601 seismic profile and observations of exposed rock sections in Northeast Germany. On the basis of different structural inventories and different basement properties, we distinguish two structural units to the south and one structural unit to the north of the Elbe Fault System. For each unit, we propose a geomechanical model of basin formation and basin inversion, and show that the Rhenohercynian Fold and Thrust Belt domain is deformed in a thin-skinned manner, while the Mid-German Crystalline Rise Domain, which is the western part of the Saxothuringian Zone, rather shows a thick-skinned deformation pattern. The geomechanical model for the unit north to the Elbe Fault System takes account to the fact that the base of the Zechstein beneath the present Northeast German basin shows hardly any evidence for brittle deformation, which indicates a relative stable basement. Our geomechanical model suggests that the Permocarboniferous deposits may have contributed to the structural stiffness by covering small to medium scale structures of the upper parts of the brittle basement. It is further suggested that the pre-Zechstein successions underneath the present Northeast German basin were possibly strengthening during the Cretaceous basin inversion, which resulted in stress transfer to the long-lived master faults, as indicated for example by the shape of the salt domes in the vicinity of the latter faults. Contrary to this, post-Zechstein successions deformed in a different and rather complex way that was strongly biased by intensive salt tectonic movements.  相似文献   

长白山天池火山区长白-敦化剖面结晶基底的探测和研究     

潘素珍  张先康  杨卓欣  张成科  赵金仁  潘纪顺  任青芳  张建狮 《地震研究》2003,26(3):271-274

时间项分析法中，应用广义最小二乘法进行反演，对长白山天池火山区岩浆系统的长白—敦化(L1)剖面的Pg波到时进行了计算处理，得到了Pg波时间项及基底速度值；取上部地壳的介质平均速度为4．5km/s，经反演求得了各点的深度值，给出了长白山天池火山区结晶基底的厚度分布。结晶基底厚度一般在2．0km左右，而在长白山天池下方结晶基底最厚处接近4．0km；在万宝和敦化附近各有一不太明显的凹陷，其原因可能与在这两个位置处有几条断裂穿过有关。  相似文献